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“I just thought we'd release it and it would be kind of neat,” Davidson said. A little over a month after the TIME magazine piece, a story about the “most serious computer ‘virus’ attack” in US history appeared on the front page of The New York Times. It was Robert Tappan Morris’ Internet worm, erroneously referred to as a “virus.” In all fairness, no one knew what a worm was. Morris’s creation was the archetype. The Morris worm knocked out more than 6,000 computers as it spread across the ARPANET, a government operated early version of the Internet restricted to schools and military installations. The Morris worm was the first known use of a dictionary attack. As the name suggests, a dictionary attack involves taking a list of words and using it to try and guess the username and password combination of a target system. Robert Morris was the first person charged under the newly enacted Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, which made it illegal to mess with government and financial systems, and any computer that contributes to US commerce and communications.
As the new decade began, the price of computer hardware was dropping and Tramiel saw an emerging market for low-price computers that could be sold at retail stores to relative novices rather than professionals or people with an electronics or programming background. Radio Shack had been achieving considerable success with the TRS-80 Model I, a relatively low-cost machine that was widely sold to novices and in 1980 released the Color Computer, which was aimed at the home and educational markets, used ROM cartridges for software, and connected to a TV set. The prototype produced by Yannes had very few of the features required for a real computer, so Robert Russell at Commodore headquarters had to coordinate and finish large parts of the design under the codename Vixen. The parts contributed by Russell included a port of the operating system (kernel and BASIC interpreter) taken from John Feagans design for the Commodore PET, a character set with the characteristic PETSCII, an Atari CX40 joystick-compatible interface, and a ROM cartridge port.
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