Because it has Fewer Electrical Components

Much of the DRAM get entry to time is going into deciphering the cope with to pick the correct garage cells. The locality of reference assets manner that a series of reminiscence addresses will often be used, and speedy DRAM is designed to hurry get entry to to next addresses after the primary one. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) and EDO (prolonged records output) are such kinds of speedy reminiscence. Nonvolatile semiconductor recollections, in contrast to SRAM and DRAM, do now no longer lose their contents whilst electricity is became off. Some nonvolatile recollections, together with read-best reminiscence (ROM), aren't rewritable as soon as synthetic or written. Each reminiscence mobileular of a ROM chip has both a transistor for a 1 bit or none for a zero bit. ROMs are used for applications which can be crucial elements of a pc’s operation, together with the bootstrap software that begins offevolved a pc and hundreds its running device or the BIOS (fundamental input/output device) that addresses outside gadgets in a private pc (PC). EPROM (erasable programmable ROM), EAROM (electrically alterable ROM), and flash reminiscence are kinds of nonvolatile recollections which can be rewritable, aleven though the rewriting is a ways extra time-ingesting than reading. They are as a result used as special-reason recollections wherein writing is seldom necessary-if used for the BIOS, for example, they will be modified to accurate mistakes or replace features.

Type “ipconfig/all” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this gives us the MAC address. A port can be referred to as a logical channel through which data can be sent/received to an application. Any host may have multiple applications running, and each of these applications is identified using the port number on which they are running. Type “netstat -a” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this lists all the ports being used. The unique combination of IP address and Port number together are termed as Socket. DNS stands for Domain Name system. We don’t have to remember all the IP addresses of each and every website. The command ‘nslookup’ gives you the IP address of the domain you are looking for. This also provides the information of our DNS Server. ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. It is used to convert an IP address to its corresponding physical address(i.e., MAC Address). ARP is used by the Data Link Layer to identify the MAC address of the Receiver’s machine. RARP stands for Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. As the name suggests, it provides the IP address of the device given a physical address as input. But RARP has become obsolete since the time DHCP has come into the picture. This article is contributed by Kundana Thiyari. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

The meaning of the first three exceptions is self-evident. Invalid operation covers the situations listed in TABLE D-3, and any comparison that involves a NaN. The default result of an operation that causes an invalid exception is to return a NaN, but the converse is not true. The inexact exception is raised when the result of a floating-point operation is not exact. 15.05), and raises an inexact exception. Binary to Decimal Conversion discusses an algorithm that uses the inexact exception. A summary of the behavior of all five exceptions is given in TABLE D-4. There is an implementation issue connected with the fact that the inexact exception is raised so often. If floating-point hardware does not have flags of its own, but instead interrupts the operating system to signal a floating-point exception, the cost of inexact exceptions could be prohibitive. This cost can be avoided by having the status flags maintained by software. The first time an exception is raised, set the software flag for the appropriate class, and tell the floating-point hardware to mask off that class of exceptions.

These viruses modify their code on each infection. That is, each infected file contains a different variant of the virus. One method of evading signature detection is to use simple encryption to encipher (encode) the body of the virus, leaving only the encryption module and a static cryptographic key in cleartext which does not change from one infection to the next. In this case, the virus consists of a small decrypting module and an encrypted copy of the virus code. If the virus is encrypted with a different key for each infected file, the only part of the virus that remains constant is the decrypting module, which would (for example) be appended to the end. In this case, a virus scanner cannot directly detect the virus using signatures, but it can still detect the decrypting module, which still makes indirect detection of the virus possible. Since these would be symmetric keys, stored on the infected host, it is entirely possible to decrypt the final virus, but this is probably not required, since self-modifying code is such a rarity that finding some may be reason enough for virus scanners to at least "flag" the file as suspicious.