PC Science (College of Engineering)

If you meet ALL of these requirements, please sign up for a group declaration orientation here. Due to capacity constraints, students who are admitted to the University of Michigan in Fall 2023 or later must first be selected for the CS major before they can declare the major. As indicated in the CS-Eng Program Guide, the CS-Eng program includes Flexible Technical Elective courses. Current courses in this category are listed here. 1. Analyze a complex computing problem and to apply principles of computing and other relevant disciplines to identify solutions. 2. Design, implement, and evaluate a computing-based solution to meet a given set of computing requirements in the context of the program’s discipline. 3. Communicate effectively in a variety of professional contexts. 4. Recognize professional responsibilities and make informed judgments in computing practice based on legal and ethical principles. 5. Function effectively as a member or leader of a team engaged in activities appropriate to the program’s discipline. 6. Apply computer science theory and software development fundamentals to produce computing-based solutions. Use their understanding of algorithms, computers, and programming to solve complex problems. Adapt to the rapidly changing scientific and technological landscape, recognize the implications of their work, and drive the development of future technologies. Communicate effectively with their colleagues and the general public. Contribute substantively, as leaders, to science, technology, and society. Students who enroll in this program and plan to obtain a master’s degree could be eligible for the Sequential Undergraduate/Graduate Study (SUGS) program, which enables completion of both a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in five (to five and a half) years. More information is here.


When the first program reached an instruction waiting for a peripheral, the context of this program was stored away, and the second program in memory was given a chance to run. The process continued until all programs finished running. The use of multiprogramming was enhanced by the arrival of virtual memory and virtual machine technology, which enabled individual programs to make use of memory and operating system resources as if other concurrently running programs were, for all practical purposes, nonexistent. Multiprogramming gives no guarantee that a program will run in a timely manner. Indeed, the first program may very well run for hours without needing access to a peripheral. As there were no users waiting at an interactive terminal, this was no problem: users handed in a deck of punched cards to an operator, and came back a few hours later for printed results. Multiprogramming greatly reduced wait times when multiple batches were being processed.

12 V. It supplied two other voltages, −5 V and −12 V, but with limited amounts of power. Most microchips of the time operated on 5 V power. 12 V supply was used primarily to operate motors such as in disk drives and cooling fans. As more peripherals were added, more power was delivered on the 12 V rail. However, since most of the power is consumed by chips, the 5 V rail still delivered most of the power. The −12 V rail was used primarily to provide the negative supply voltage to the RS-232 serial ports. A −5 V rail was provided for peripherals on the ISA bus (such as soundcards), but was not used by any motherboard other than the original IBM PC motherboard. An additional wire referred to as 'Power Good' is used to prevent digital circuitry operation during the initial milliseconds of power supply turn-on, where output voltages and currents are rising but not yet sufficient or stable for proper device operation.

In the above example, if we type ffee9000 pgmap? You can also use map-page to map the physical address of the page containing the IDPROM to virtual address 0. To do this you need to know the physical address of the NVRAM. For the sun4m and sun4d machines, the page size is 4kB (0x1000) so the simplest thing to do is map the second page of the NVRAM. This is because we're using map-page and it only maps one page at a time. Note that we added 0x1000 to the physical address in the above table, as explained above. Intel processor machines don't have an IDPROM. Sun uses a different mechanism to generate the hostid. When the operating system is initially installed a pseudo-random hostid is generated. It appears that this pseudo-randomly generated hostid will always be between 1 and 3b9aca00. The hostid is based on eight bytes of serialisation information in the kernel module /kernel/misc/sysinit.

It's backward-well suited with USB 3.zero and USB 2.zero gadgets, furnished that your cable is going from Type-C to the correct connector. USB 3.1 gadgets might also additionally guide USB Power Delivery, which permits them to acquire or ship strength at as much as one hundred watts, sufficient to price maximum laptops. Adapters Needed: A USB 3.1 port has to apply a Type-C connector, so it calls for widespread Type-C wires (opens in new tab). USB, SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps Description: USB 3.1 Gen 2 is similar to USB 3.1 gen 1, however with double the throughput, shifting statistics at up to ten Gbps. It's backward-well suited with USB Adapters Needed: USB 3.1 Gen 2 calls for a Type-C connector, however to get it at complete speed, you want to make certain your cable is rated for 10 Gbps. Cables begin at around $16. Also Known As: Micro-B, microUSB Description: This small port is the charging connector of preference for smartphones and low-strength tablets, however you likely might not see it on a pc or desktop.

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