The Master of Computer Science (MCS) degree program from Arizona State University provides high-quality instruction combined with real-world experience through applied projects. You’ll gain a deep understanding of cutting-edge topics like AI, cybersecurity, blockchain, and big data. The Cybersecurity concentration is designed to provide students the knowledge, skills and the advanced development capability in science and engineering for cybersecurity, including computer and network security, software security, data and information security, applied cryptography and computer forensics. Students who pursue the Cybersecurity concentration will be required to take a certain number of their credit hours from a list of courses focused on or relating to cybersecurity. The Big Data concentration is designed to provide students with the analytical expertise to generate insights from data and inform decision-making for organizations. Through project-based learning, students will learn to build scalable systems for capturing, processing, and interpreting large and complex data sets. Students who pursue the Big Data concentration will be required to take a certain number of their credit hours from a list of courses focused on or relating to big data.
There also were smaller, cheaper, mass-produced minicomputers, costing tens of thousands of dollars, that were built by a handful of companies, such as Digital Equipment Corporation and Hewlett-Packard Company, for scientific laboratories and businesses. Still, most people had no direct contact with either type of computer, and the machines were popularly viewed as impersonal giant brains that threatened to eliminate jobs through automation. The idea that anyone would have his or her own desktop computer was generally regarded as far-fetched. William Shockley, a coinventor of the transistor, started Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories in 1955 in his hometown of Palo Alto, California. In 1957 his eight top researchers left to form Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, funded by Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation. Along with Hewlett-Packard, another Palo Alto firm, Fairchild Semiconductor was the seed of what would become known as Silicon Valley. From the mid-1960s into the early ’70s, Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation and Texas Instruments Incorporated were the leading manufacturers of integrated circuits (ICs) and were continually increasing the number of electronic components embedded in a single silicon wafer, or chip.
Another factor that may affect performance is a display’s refresh rate. Refresh rate is the number of times a display “refreshes,” or re-draws, its image each second. Most modern displays have a refresh rate of 60Hz, which means they refresh their image 60 times per second. But you’ve probably also seen higher-end gaming monitors and HDTVs with higher advertised refresh rates-120Hz, 144Hz, or even 240Hz. This can be misleading, however, because a computer monitor with a 120Hz refresh rate may not be the same as an HDTV with a 120Hz refresh rate. The reason for this is because the content people watch on a television is produced at either 24fps, 30fps, or 60fps. The content people view on a computer monitor can be very different-many games can output frame rates higher than 60fps if you have a powerful enough graphics card. An HDTV with a high advertised refresh rate may use post-processing technology to achieve that rate, such as by creating additional frames to upscale content, or by adding black frames between each frame to prevent image blur.
Bushnell and Dabney began to design custom hardware to run the game's functions, and in January 1971 they had a dot moving on a screen. Bushnell drafted a letter dated January 26 to order six Data Nova computers. He did not send the letter, however; near the end of January, he tried to run their program on a local Nova, and found that they had miscalculated the requirements. Even with several of the functions removed from the program, now named Cosmic Combat, the computer still could not run multiple instances at once. Although upset, Bushnell soon realized that it would be possible to entirely replace the Nova with custom hardware, and that the cost to build the whole game's computing systems would be much lower. As a result, they would not need to have multiple instances of the game running on the same machine in order to be profitable. On the other hand, the custom hardware was not as powerful as the more expensive Nova computer, which meant that the pair needed to make gameplay modifications.
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