Although every degree program is different, the example courses below show the types of skills students can expect to gain at the associate degree level. This course provides an overview of various computer systems, from hardware and software applications to operating systems; it is designed for students with minimal subject knowledge, so more advanced students can sometimes test out. This course introduces students to the logic of programming, laying the groundwork for students to learn specific programming languages in-depth in future classes. This course introduces object-oriented programming techniques as a method of structuring software. It also introduces students to Java, a versatile and widely used programming language. A computer science degree is a common choice for aspiring high-level programmers. Computer science students who earn a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree learn the fundamentals of computer programming as well as the mathematical and scientific principles that provide the underpinnings. Specifically, students become proficient in discrete math-a branch of mathematics that deals with objects that have distinct values-as well as computer organization and architecture, algorithms, programming and software design.
Center magazine, vol 6 number 1, Winter 1986, a magazine for Tandem employees. NonStop News, vol 9 number 1, January 1986, a newsletter for Tandem employees. James A. Katzman, "The Tandem 16: A Fault-tolerant Computing System", Proceedings of the 11th Hawaii Conference. System Sciences (11th HICSS'78), IEEE Computer Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1978, pp. 85-102. Reproduced in D. P. Siewiorek, C. G. Bell, A. Newell Computer Structures: Principles and Examples, McGraw-Hill, 1982, chapter 29, pp. Joel Bartlett; Jim Gray; Bob Host (March 1986). "Fault Tolerance in Tandem Computer Systems" (PDF). Tandem Technical Report TR-86.2. Joel F. Bartlett (January 1978). A NonStop Operating System. Eleventh Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Joel F. Barlett (June 1981). "A NonStop Kernel" (PDF). Tandem Technical Report TR-81.4. Wendy Bartlett; Tom Houy; Don Meyer. Robert Horst; Tim Chou (April 1985). "The Hardware Architecture and Linear Expansion of Tandem NonStop Systems" (PDF). Tandem Technical Report TR-85.3. Stewart A. Schuster (February 1981). "Relational Data Base Management for On-Line Transaction Processing" (PDF). This has been gen erated by GSA Content G enerat or D emoversion!
Running the source code is slower than running an executable. Moreover, the interpreter must be installed on the computer. The "Hello, World!" program is used to illustrate a language's basic syntax. The syntax of the interpreted language Basic (1964) was intentionally limited to make the language easy to learn. For example, variables are not declared before being used. Also, variables are automatically initialized to zero. Once the mechanics of basic computer programming are learned, more sophisticated and powerful languages are available to build large computer systems. Improvements in software development are the result of improvements in computer hardware. At each stage in hardware's history, the task of computer programming changed dramatically. In 1837, Charles Babbage was inspired by Jacquard's loom to attempt to build the Analytical Engine. The names of the components of the calculating device were borrowed from the textile industry. In the textile industry, yarn was brought from the store to be milled.
At their introduction in 1981, the US$1,795 price of the Osborne 1 and its competitor Kaypro was considered an attractive price point; these systems had text-only displays and only floppy disks for storage. By 1982, Michael Dell observed that a personal computer system selling at retail for about US$3,000 was made of components that cost the dealer about $600; typical gross margin on a computer unit was around $1,000. The total value of personal computer purchases in the US in 1983 was about $4 billion, comparable to total sales of pet food. By late 1998, the average selling price of personal computer systems in the United States had dropped below $1,000. For Microsoft Windows systems, the average selling price (ASP) showed a decline in 2008/2009, possibly due to low-cost netbooks, drawing $569 for desktop computers and $689 for laptops at U.S. August 2008. In 2009, ASP had further fallen to $533 for desktops and to $602 for notebooks by January and to $540 and 560 in February.
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